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立式渣漿泵剛性聯(lián)軸器的分類
1.立式泵剛性聯(lián)軸器
立式泵剛性聯(lián)軸器如圖5-53所示。此處系泵和電動機(jī)連接用的聯(lián)軸器。泵本身帶推力軸承時，泵聯(lián)軸器可為撓性聯(lián)軸器，如同臥式泵用的聯(lián)軸器一樣。當(dāng)泵的軸向力及泵本體質(zhì)量為電動機(jī)承受時，必須具備以下四項(xiàng)功能:其聯(lián)軸器一定是剛性的，并承受泵的軸向力及其質(zhì)量，同時它還要能進(jìn)行泵轉(zhuǎn)子對中的調(diào)整，且還要保證兩軸的同心及傳遞扭矩。如果電動機(jī)端可調(diào)整泵中心，則此時聯(lián)軸器只有兩項(xiàng)功能。泵聯(lián)軸器可以加長，如圖5-53c所示，或不加長，如圖5-53a↓b、d、e所示。如果泵裝的是機(jī)械密封，則泵聯(lián)軸器應(yīng)是加長的，便于更換機(jī)械密封。下面推薦的幾種剛性聯(lián)軸器形式，供參考。
1) 圖5-53a 型結(jié)構(gòu):其連接螺釘應(yīng)為銷和釘合一，調(diào)整墊為調(diào)整泵葉輪對中用。電動機(jī)和泵軸頭螺母為固定各自的軸用，調(diào)整墊般是整塊的，分半也可。
2)圖5-53b型結(jié)構(gòu):其連接螺釘也為銷和釘合一，調(diào)整塊與泵軸頭螺母合二為一一，可調(diào)整泵轉(zhuǎn)子葉輪對中問題，最后用連接螺栓把緊。
上述1)和2)的調(diào)整塊上的連接孔要大些，不起配合作用。
3) 圖5-53d型結(jié)構(gòu):電動機(jī)軸為卡環(huán)定位，泵軸調(diào)整到一定位置后，用圓柱銷穿過哈夫聯(lián)軸器定位之。
4)圖5-53e 型結(jié)構(gòu):電動機(jī)為卡環(huán)定位，與3)相同，而泵軸用調(diào)整塊厚薄來調(diào)整泵葉輪的對中，最后用軸頭螺釘擰緊，也是哈夫聯(lián)軸器定位。
5)立式泵的聯(lián)軸器也有要求在電動機(jī)座(支架)視窗上加護(hù)罩的。
2.軸聯(lián)軸器
軸聯(lián)軸器如圖5-56所示。此處是指泵軸與泵軸連接用的連軸部件。它也一定是剛性的，并承受泵的軸向力及其質(zhì)量，且能保證兩軸同軸，還能傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩，其三項(xiàng)功能必備。
下面推薦幾種聯(lián)軸器形式供參考:
1) 圖5-56a所示形式為螺紋連接，傳動靠轉(zhuǎn)速旋向使螺紋越擰越緊，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，螺紋后面也有一段與軸配合定位。一般小泵用之。
2)圖5-56b所示形式為卡套連接，泵行業(yè)用得比較多，上下軸用分半卡套連接，其外徑用軸套限位。
3) 所示形式為兩軸頭用螺柱連接，或一軸端帶螺紋連接，如圖5-56f所示，外面加軸套用鍵傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩，而軸套定位用頂絲將其固定在鍵上。
4)圖5-56g所示形式上下軸用分半卡環(huán)中間加軸套，且中間軸套上下用螺母擰緊定位，鍵傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩。
5)圖5-56h所示形式類似圖5-56b所示結(jié)構(gòu)，兩軸也是卡套連接，其外面為哈夫聯(lián)軸器。
這里的泵聯(lián)軸器和軸聯(lián)軸器是兩個不同的概念，前者有剛性和撓性之分，還有加長和不加長的區(qū)別，而后者必定是剛性的，沒有加長之說。
3.電動機(jī)端調(diào)整泵葉輪中心
電動機(jī)端調(diào)整泵葉輪中心如圖5-57所示。深井泵及小型凝結(jié)水泵可以在電動機(jī)端調(diào)整泵葉輪中心，這時不用泵聯(lián)軸器，僅 用軸聯(lián)軸器即可。電動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子是空心的，電動機(jī)軸穿過空心通過支撐塊(也叫電動機(jī)聯(lián)軸器)，用調(diào)整螺母進(jìn)行軸向調(diào)整，最后用緊固螺釘把緊。
Classification of rigid couplings for vertical slurry pumps
1. Vertical pump rigid coupling
The rigid coupling of vertical pump is shown in Figure 5-53. This is the coupling used to connect the pump and motor. When the pump itself is equipped with thrust bearing, the pump coupling can be a flexible coupling, just like the coupling used for horizontal pump. When the axial force of the pump and the mass of the pump body are borne by the motor, the following four functions must be possessed: the coupling must be rigid, and bear the axial force and mass of the pump. At the same time, it must be able to adjust the alignment of the pump rotor, and also ensure the concentricity of the two shafts and the transmission of torque. If the pump center can be adjusted at the motor end, the coupling has only two functions. The pump coupling can be lengthened, as shown in Fig. 5-53c, or not, as shown in Fig. 5-53a ↓ b, d, e. If the pump is equipped with a mechanical seal, the pump coupling shall be extended to facilitate the replacement of the mechanical seal. The following several types of rigid couplings are recommended for reference.
1) Fig. 5-53 a-type structure: the connecting screw shall be a pin and a nail, and the adjusting pad is used to adjust the alignment of the pump impeller. The motor and pump shaft head nuts are used to fix their respective shafts, and the adjusting pads are generally monolithic or can be split in half.
2) Fig. 5-53 B-type structure: the connecting screw is also a combination of pin and nail, and the adjusting block and the pump shaft head nut are one by one, which can adjust the centering problem of the pump rotor impeller, and finally tighten it with the connecting bolt.
The connecting holes on the adjustment blocks of 1) and 2) above are larger and do not play a matching role.
3) Fig. 5-53d structure: The motor shaft is positioned by snap ring. After the pump shaft is adjusted to a certain position, it is positioned by passing through the Huff coupling with a cylindrical pin.
4) Figure 5-53e type structure: the motor is positioned by snap ring, which is the same as 3), while the pump shaft uses the thickness of the adjusting block to adjust the alignment of the pump impeller, and finally uses the shaft head screw to tighten it, which is also the positioning of the Huff coupling.
5) The coupling of vertical pump also requires a cover on the motor base (bracket) window.
2. Shaft coupling
The shaft coupling is shown in Figure 5-56. This refers to the coupling parts used to connect the pump shaft and pump shaft. It must also be rigid, and bear the axial force and mass of the pump, and can ensure that the two shafts are coaxial, and can also transmit torque. Its three functions are necessary.
The following types of couplings are recommended for reference:
1) The form shown in Figure 5-56a is threaded connection. The transmission makes the thread tighten more and more depending on the rotation speed. The structure is simple. There is also a section behind the thread that fits and locates with the shaft. It is generally used for small pumps.
2) The form shown in Figure 5-56b is ferrule connection, which is widely used in the pump industry. The upper and lower shafts are connected by split ferrules, and their outer diameters are limited by shaft sleeves.
3) The shown form is that two shaft heads are connected with studs, or one shaft end is connected with threads, as shown in Fig. 5-56f. A shaft sleeve is added outside to transmit torque with a key, and the shaft sleeve is fixed on the key with a jackscrew for positioning.
4) As shown in Fig. 5-56g, the upper and lower shafts use split snap rings with shaft sleeves in the middle, and the upper and lower intermediate shaft sleeves are tightened and positioned with nuts, and the keys transmit torque.
5) The form shown in Figure 5-56h is similar to the structure shown in Figure 5-56b. The two shafts are also connected by ferrules, and the outside is a Huff coupling.
The pump coupling and shaft coupling here are two different concepts. The former has the difference between rigidity and flexibility, and the difference between lengthening and non lengthening. The latter must be rigid, without lengthening.
3. Adjust the center of the pump impeller at the motor end
Adjust the center of the pump impeller at the motor end as shown in Fig. 5-57. Deep well pumps and small condensate pumps can adjust the center of the pump impeller at the motor end. At this time, the pump coupling is not used, but only the shaft coupling. The motor rotor is hollow. The motor shaft passes through the hollow and passes through the support block (also called the motor coupling). The adjustment nut is used for axial adjustment, and the fastening screw is used to tighten it.
